Nutrition and Your Brain
Healthy Epigenetic Expression
As we age, our concerns with food choice start to take a shift. We focus less on our waistlines and more on our brains. This may be of particular concern if certain neurological conditions run in your family such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease.
It is reassuring to know, however, that a positive history for such neurological disorders does not confirm a future diagnosis. It is estimated that only 10-50% of cases of Alzheimer’s disease can be linked to the known genetic marker APOE4.1 It is estimated that less than 15% of people with a family history of Parkinson’s disease will get this disease.2 Since the actual cause of many neurological diseases cannot be identified, lifestyle interventions, including nutrition, have the potential of impacting our brain function.3
• Protecting Your Brain –In the past decade, epigenetics, or the study of genetics, has revolutionized our understanding of how our food choices negatively or positively alter our neurological health. Epigenetics has shown us that our genes are not our destiny. Food and nutrient choice, food preparation and cooking can impact our genes, and in turn our neurological cell health.
• Gut Health – The role of polyphenols, dietary fiber, folate and fatty acids in correcting our gastrointestinal health can all have an impact on our epigenome and in turn, neurological disease.4,5 Fiber and essential fatty acids support gut integrity that can further impact brain neurochemistry.
• Methylated Nutrients – Modifiable nutrients such as folate can be altered through mechanisms known as methylation, where chemicals called ‘methyl groups’ are added to proteins, DNA and other molecules to activate and keep them inworking order.
• Food Preparation – Not only our food, but food preparation, cookware, and even cooking temperature can affect our neurological health. High heat cooking can produce advanced glycosolated end products resulting in cell death, relating to our brain health. Cookware containing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), containers and plastic wraps containing bisphenol A (BPA) have also been associated with neurological disorders.7
While we cannot avoid all of the insults of our environment, nutritional choices can add to our defense. Utilizing the chemical properties of foods and even certain supplements can further serve as a defense to those aspects of our modern world we cannot control.
One of the most fascinating areas of neuroscience has been the identification of Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF). BDNF is a group of proteins that support neurological function and activate the formation of new brains cells. Lifestyle, especially food, can be one of the key areas to add to the production of BDNF. Restoration of BDNF has been associated with improvement in Alzheimer’s, dementia and other disorders of the brain. Even with diagnoses such as these, you can influence the course of your disease.8
Joan Brookhyser Hogan is a Registered Dietitian. She is a frequent speaker and writer on the subject of nutrition, food sensitivity, nutrigenetic testing and neurological disease. She recently published the book Nutrition for the Ailing Brain. As a clinical dietitian for over 35 years, she has extensive experience in teaching and implementing nutritional programs for health and disease management. She currently provides nutrition counseling through her private practice Food 4 Life. Learn more at www.food4lifecounseling.com.
References
1. Heinzen E, N.A., Hayden K, et al Genome-Wide Scan of Copy Number Variation in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 2010. Jan;19((1)): p. 69-77.
2. Deng H, W.P., Jankovic J, The genetics of Parkinson disease. Ageing Res Rev, 2018. Mar;42: p. 72-85.
3. Genuis, S. and K. Kelin, Toxicant Exposure and Bioaccumulation: A Common and Potentially Reversible Cause of Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia. Behav Neurol, 2015. 2015.
4. Jaeger, B.N., S.L. Parylak, and F.H. Gage, Mechanisms of dietary flavonoid action in neuronal function and neuroinflammation. Mol Aspects Med, 2017.
5. Jiang C, L.G., Huang P, Liu Z, Zhao B, The Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis., 2017. 58((1)): p. 1-15.
6. Murakama K, M.S., Sasaki S, et al, Dietary intake of folate, vitamn B6, vitamin B-12, and riboflaving and risk of Parkinson’s disease, a case-control study in Japan. British J of Nutrition, 2010. 104(5): p. 757-764.
7. Steenland, K., T. Fletcher, and D. Savitz, Epidemiologic Evidence on the Health Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). Environ Health Perspect, 2010. Aug (118(8)): p. 1100-1108.
8. R, M., Exercise, Nutrition and the Brain. Sports Med, 2014; 44(Suppl 1): p. 47-56.






