The Built-in Doctor: Inflammation, Resolution and Anti-inflammation

Susan Blake, NTP, MS, CGP • September 1, 2018


I often speak about the importance of a healthy, functioning digestive system to support immune health. Mucous, digestive juices, microorganisms and intact cell linings all work symbiotically with the immune system to keep invaders out.1 In spite of our digestive systems, best efforts, sometimes something makes it through or we sustain some kind of trauma and our immune systems need to take over.

The immune system is intricately designed to defend your body.2 It consists of lymph nodes, the thymus gland, spleen, appendix, tonsils, and specialized white blood cells that travel through blood and lymph vessels, patrolling for toxins and things that don’t belong, called antigens.3

Some functions of the immune system are to identify infectious microorganisms and toxins, distinguish self from non-self by way of markers and antigens, and elicit a proper immune response.

Inflammation is the first response to toxin exposure, trauma or infection, the body’s way of trying to fix damage or invasion. Specific cells and chemicals are released that kill or remove microorganisms or the invaded tissue, resulting in swelling, redness, heat, pain and/or loss of function4 – the very symptoms a person tries to decrease when taking anti-inflammatory medication or supplements! Some conditions warrant managing inflammation to tolerable limits. However, some cases may benefit from discovering what is causing the damage instead of just decreasing the symptoms of the body trying to fix itself.

For example, a person may acquire mitochondrial dysfunction due to several potential reasons including hyperglycemia, lack of oxygen, or dysfunctional endogenous (internal) antioxidants due to mineral depletion.5 If this occurs, the mitochondria may produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and not be able to deactivate them with antioxidants.6 In this type of case, if a person uses an anti-inflammatory substance, the symptoms of inflammation may decrease but the internal mitochondrial damage still exists and may continue. Left unchecked, mitochondrial damage can lead to a multitude of chronic conditions over time such as diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, bipolar disease and more.7

As a result, the next step of the process, resolving inflammation, may not occur. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) produce the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory components of the immune system, called eicosanoids.8 These fatty acids are also converted into pro-resolving mediators such as lipoxins, resolvins and protectins that stop the process of inflammation so the body can then activate anti-inflammation.9 This means that before the body can stimulate anti-inflammation, it has to stop or resolve the initial inflammation; this is critical for maintaining homeostasis.10 It has been suggested that the loss of this resolving mechanism may be a contributing factor to chronic or excessive inflammation.11

When the immune system is able to function as it is designed, once inflammation clears damage and pro-resolving mediators stop inflammation, the anti-inflammatory response is able to restore function and decrease the inflammatory symptoms.12

The body has an incredible built-in system of inflammation, resolving inflammation and anti-inflammation that, when able to work properly and supported with the necessary nutritional cofactors, acts like an internal doctor to create balance and function. Perhaps, instead of trying to influence this system with external factors such as medication and supplements, our job is simply to not overwhelm the system so it can work properly without our help. What are you doing to overwhelm your system? What can you change?

Susan Blake, NTP, MS, CGP, is a nutritional therapist and chapter leader for the Weston A. Price Foundation. If you are ready to change your lifestyle and develop true health, contact The Whole Body Shop at sblake@thewholebodyshop.net or 253.778.0684. Learn more at thewholebodyshop.net.

References
1) Cerf-Bensussan, N., & Gaboriau-Riyuthiau, V. (2010). The immune system and the gut microbiota: Friend or foe? Nature Reviews, Immunology, 10, 735-44.
2,3) National Institute of Health (NIH). (2003). Publication No. 03-5423. Understanding the immune system. How it works. www.nci.nih.gov.
4,8,9,11,12) Innes, L. K., & Calder, P. C. (2018). Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, pii: S0952-3278(18)30074-7.
5-7) Pieczenik, S. R., & Neustadt, J. (2007). Mitochondrial dysfunction and molecular pathways of disease. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 83, 84-92.
10) Martindale, R. G., Warren, M. M., & McClave, S. A. (2016). Does the use of specialized proresolving molecules in critical care offer a more focused approach to controlling inflammation than that of fish oils? Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 19(2), 151-4.
11) Maijo, M., Clements, S. J., Ivory, K., Nicoletti, C., & Carding, S. (2014). Nutrition, diet and immunosenescence. Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 136-137, 116-128.

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